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What is Hypocalcemia ? by Seo
Hypocalcemia is a kind of electrolyte imbalance wherein there is low calcium levels in the blood. The normal calcium level in the blood stream is at 9-10.5 mg/dl or 2.2-2.6 mmol/L.
Calcium is an important electrolyte in the body because it is used for normal cell function, neural transmission, membrane stability, bone structure, blood coagulation and others. Deficiency of which can cause cerebrovascular attack or stroke and cardio-pulmonary problems. In worst cases where there is very low or very high levels of calcium, death may occur.
Causes:
There are many reasons why hypocalcaemia occurs because of
âOther electrolyte imbalances such as hypoalbuminemia which is the most common cause of hypocalcemia; hypomagnesemia, hyperphosphatemia. Calcium and phosphate are inversely proportional so when calcium levels are low, phosphate levels are high.
âConditions such as acute pancreatitis, toxic shock syndrome, high calcitonin levels, hepatic or renal insufficiency, patients with trauma, tuberculosis, hemochromatosis and other diseases.
âEffects of medication such as Phenobarbital since it enhance vitamin D catabolism which decreases the absorption of calcium. Other substances like calcitonin, proton pump inhibitors, selective serotonin inhibitors, estrogen, cimetidine and others.
âPost-surgical problems such as parathyroid adenoma resection, pacreatectomy, small bowel syndrome.
âApoplexy which is a sudden neurologic impairment because of a vascular process. Apoplexy usually happens during a cerebro-vascular accident.
Symptoms
âPositive Chvostekâs sign. This is done by tapping the front of the earlobe at about 2 cm. if there is ipsilateral twitching of the face, there is neuromuscular irritability.
âPositive Trousseauâs sign. This is done by putting the BP cuff on the arm and inflating it more than the systolic pressure. After leaving for 2 to 3 minutes, if there is a carpal spasm, then it indicates hypocalcemia
âDiaphoresis, bronchospasm, dry skin, dermatitis, eczema
Treatment
For mild hypocalcemia: oral medication may be given or an intravenous line will be administered for the medication.
For severe hypocalcemia: the patient is given supportive treatments such as oxygen, intravenous replacement, and monitoring. Doses of about 100-300 elemental calcium- calcium gluconate 10 ml to be given over 5-10 minutes.
Patients with hypomagnesemia should also be addressed. Patients with renal insufficiency should always be given extra consideration because these patients cannot excrete magnesium.
Current Health Articles suggest that following the guidelines when treating hypocalcemia is still the best method.
Article Source: http://www.earticlesonline.com/Article/What-is-Hypocalcemia–/899136
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